Ingli

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[ iŋ.gli ]

2012-02-4 02:50 UTC
Ingli
Proposed international auxiliary language (IAL) or world auxilliary language (WAL) based mainly upon English, but with simplified phonology, orthography and a creoleistic-style grammar.
bygiŋi • Under Construction • En Desarroyo • 建设中 • 建設中 • im Aufbau • faba

Alphabet, Orthography and Pronunciation

Ingli writing is based on the Roman alphabet. There are 5 vowels, and 20 consonants for a total of 25 letters. The letter Q is not used.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z
  • Consonants
Name Letter IPA Pronunciation Example
bravo B b b Voiced bilabial stop Like b in babble.
cali C c ʧ Voiceless postalveolar affricate Like ch in church.
delta D d d Voiced dental stop Like d in dad.
fastrat F f f Voiceless labiodental fricative Like f in fife.
golf G g g Voiced velar stop Like g in gag.
hotel H h h Voiceless velar fricative Like h in house.
juliet J j ʤ Voiced postalveolar affricate Like j and g in judge.
kilo K k k Voiceless velar stop Like k in kick
lima L l l Lateral approximant Like l in lilac.
maik M m m Bilabial nasal Like m in mime.
novemba N n n Dental nasal Like n in nine.
papa P p p Voiceless bilabial stop Like p in pipe.
romio R r ɹ Postalveolar approximant Like r in hurry.
siera S s s Voiceless alveolar fricative Like s in sister.
tango T t t Voiceless dental stop Like t in title.
vikta V v v Voiced labiodental fricative Like v in verve.
wiski W w w Bilabial approximant Like w in wet.
exrei X x ʃ Voiceless postalveolar fricative Like sh in sheesh.
yanki Y y j Palatal approximant Like y in yes.
zibra Z z z Voiced alveolar fricative Like z in zone or doze.
  • Vowels
Name Letter IPA Pronunciation Example
alfa A a a Almost fully open vowel Like a in father, or a in flora.
eko E e e Mid front unrounded vowel Like e in met or bet.
india I i i / j Close front unrounded vowel Like i in machine. When combined with another vowel, like y in yes.
oska O o o Mid back rounded vowel Like o in dome.
unifom U u u / w Close back rounded vowel Like oo in soon. When combined with another vowel, like w in wet.
A may also be reduced to ə in the final position.
E may also be reduced to ə in unstressed syllables.
  • Diphthongs
Spelling IPA Pronunciation Example
AI ai aj Like igh in high or y in my.
AU au aw Like ou in house.
EI ei ej Like ei in eight or a in make.
OI oi oj Like oy in toy.

Vocabulary

The size of the lexicon is greatly reduced from that of English which has many synonyms, as well as terms that could be derived from others. While there is a somewhat systematic method to introducing vocabulary, there are still some exceptional cases where a different word form was chosen to avoid homonyms. Some words have also been slightly altered to improve euphony. This generally consists of dropping consonants within clusters. Vocabulary for Ingli is taken primarily from English, but there are a lot of exceptions which are generally there to improve global recognition.

Many words are taken from well-known international vocabulary. Much of it comes from terminology used in science, technology, medicine, commerce, politics, acedemia, etc.

arjent = silver

hepat = liver

kredit = credit

okei = okay

dent = tooth

taksi = taxi

hotel = hotel

faks = fax

Some base numerals are taken from familiar Greek or Latinate roots.

un = one

du = two

tri = three

kuad = four

pen = five

sis = six

sep = seven

okto = eight

nov = nine

Larger numerals are taken from widely-known Metric System prefixes.

deka = ten

hekto = hundred

kilo = thousand

mega = million

Geographic names are taken from the native name as spoken in the language of the local peoples. In cases where there are multiple possible names, the names are taken from the dominant or official language.

Doitxland = Germany

Junguo = China

Nihon = Japan

Barat = India

Landen = London

Nu-York = New York

Krun-Tep = Bangkok

Yerusalem = Jerusalem

Los-Anjeles = Los Angeles

Days of the week, and the months of the year are taken from numbers.

Unamans = January

Dumans = February

Dekadumans = December

Undei = Monday

Dudei = Tuesday

Sepdei = Sunday

In other cases, the words are usually taken from English vocabulary. English words from Greek or Latin sources are generally formed to preserve their spelling as much as possible to keep them closer to their cognates in other languages. Other words where this is not an issue are formed to preserve the English pronunciation as much as possible.

flawa = flour

suit = sweet

Pronouns

Pronouns, like nouns, do not inflect for case, number or gender.

Personal

mi = I, me

yu = you, thou

da = he, him, she, her, it, they, them

To say "we" combine mi with yu or da to indicate an inclusive or exclusive relationship.

miyu = you and I

mida = he/she/them and I

Reflexive

sau = myself; ourselves; yourself; thyself; himself; herself; itself; themselves

Reciprocal

icoda = each other; one another

Impersonal

on = one, someone

Negative

notin = nobody, noone, nothing

Demonstrative

dis = this (one), these

dat = that (one), those

Interrogative

wa = who, what

Verbs

Inflection

Verbs in Ingli use an isolating structure therefore do not inflect for person, number or gender as in English or other European languages.

Tense / Aspect

Tense or aspect are indicated by adverbs so they should only be used when needed for clarity or emphasis.

Some common adverbs are:

nau now (Present tense)
di did (Past tense)
wi will (Future tense)
ri again, re-

Transitivity

For verbs which take a direct object, the suffix -in is added.

mi it I am eating
mi itin bred I am eating bread

Passive

The subject and object can be reversed with the use of the auxiliary bi .

mi itin apel I ate the apple
apel bi itin mi The apple was eaten by me

Adjectives

Adjectives, like the nouns they modify, do not inflect. Adjectives directly precede the noun they qualify. Nouns or verbs can be made into adjectives by adding the suffix -i .

Comparative and Superlative

Comparative adjectives are formed by the preceding them with the adverb mo (more), or le (less). Superlatives use the adverbs mos (most), or les (least) .

mo big haus

more big house

bigger house

mos big haus

most big house

biggest house

le big haus

less big house

less big house

les big haus

least big house

least big house

Conjunctions

Overview

en = and

o = or

bat = but

kaz = because

if = if

den = then

so = so

Word Building

Many new words can be formed by added affixes to the existing root to create a different meaning.

Prefixes

an- un-, in-, a(n)-, non- (negative)
du- di-, duo-, bi-
hi- he- (male)
tri- tri-, ter-
xi- she- (female)
un- uni-, mono-

Suffixes

-a -er, -or (agentive)
-i, -li (after a vowel)-y; -ly (forms adjectives or adverbs from nouns and verbs)
-ia -y; -ity; -ness; -ia (abstract)

Syntax

Basic Word Order

A basic sentence occurs as subject, verb, object (SVO). Any indirect objects follow afterwards each introduced by appropriate Prepositions .

mi givin buk tu da.

I giving book to he.

I gave a book to him.

da ridin buk.

he reading book.

He read the book.

Sample Texts

UDHR

Atikel 1

Al human bi bon libri en egali fo digniti en rait. Al da bi hav wit rizen en kanxens en xud du tu icoda wit spirit av bradia.

Pater Noster

Mida Papa

Mida papa, dat bi a Heven,

Yu nem bi santi.

Yu kinia go tu mida.

yu wil bi du,

a Ert az a Heven.

Givin de bred tu mida a dis de,

en fogivin mida fo mida sin,

az mida fogivin dat wa sin anti mida.

En no gidin mida tu temptin,

bat sevin mida fra ivel.

Reference

Ingli - English Thematic Dictionary
Ingli - English Dictionary
English - Ingli Dictionary
2012-02-4 02:50 UTC

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